Leukocyte phosphoinositide-3 kinase is required for chemokine-induced, sustained adhesion under flow in vivo

During inflammation, leukocytes roll along the wall of postcapillary venules scanning the surface for immobilized CXCL1, a chemokine that triggers firm adhesion by activating CXCR2 on the neutrophil. PI-3K are signaling molecules important in cellular processes, ranging from cellular differentiation to leukocyte migration. PI-3K can be activated directly by the dimer of heterotrimeric G proteins coupled to CXCR2. Here, we used in vivo and ex vivo intravital microscopy models to test the role of PI-3K in leukocyte arrest. PI-3K null mice showed an 80% decrease in CXCL1-induced leukocyte adhesion in venules of the exteriorized mouse cremaster muscle. In wildtype mice, rolling leukocytes showed rapid and sustained adhesion, but in PI-3K / mice, adhesion was not triggered at all or was transient, suggesting that absence of PI-3K interferes with integrin bond strengthening. Wild-type mice reconstituted with PI-3K null bone marrow showed a 50% decrease in CXCL1-induced leukocyte adhesion. In a blood-perfused micro-flow chamber, leukocytes from PI-3K / mice showed a defect in adhesion on a P-selectin/ICAM-1/CXCL1 substrate, indicating that leukocyte PI-3K was required for adhesion. The adhesion defect in PI-3K / mice was as severe as that in mice lacking LFA-1, the major integrin responsible for neutrophil adhesion. We conclude that the isoform of PI-3K must be functional in leukocytes to allow efficient adhesion from rolling in response to chemokine stimulation. J. Leukoc. Biol. 80: 1491–1499; 2006.